Digitalna pismenost zdravstvenih radnika u apotekama

Professional standards require from healthcare professionals to possess a certain level of digital literacy. The aims of paper were: examination of the experience of healthcare professionals in pharmacies in the use of digital technologies, self-assessment of knowledge and skills, evaluation of attitudes and analysis of the needs for improvment of digital competencies. A special paper questionnaire was designed and used in the research, which was distributed to the pharmacy staff from AU “Benu“. 94,3% use digital technology at work every day, 89,8% of respondents using it for searching of medical and medicine information (89,8%). Only 9,7% of the respondents completed an additional formal program or course. Pharmacists assessed their digital literacy significantly higher than pharmaceutical technicians, 3,67±0,79 vs 3,44±0,63 (p<0,05). Most of them think that it is important to improve their digital literacy (agreement 4,62±0,95) and are motivated to do so through additional training or learning on their own (agreement 4,50±0,94). They understand benefits of new ways of communicating and data source and spontaneously accept the new technologies in the field of eHealth. A similar conclusion is mentioned in National strategy for digital skills development (1). Pharmacy professionals rate their digital literacy at 3,56, which could be compared with similar research from Canada (2), where computer literacy is mostly rated at 3. Considering the positive attitude towards using digital technologies in practice and high motivation for improving digital skills, it is expected that the pharmacists will quickly master technological innovations in the field of providing pharmaceutical services in the future.Današnji profesionalni standardi zahtevaju od zdravstvenih radnika u apotekama da poseduju određeni stepen digitalne pismenosti. Ciljevi rada bili su: ispitivanje dosadašnjih iskustava zdravstvenih radnika u apotekama kada je u pitanju upotreba digitalnih tehnologija, samoprocena stečenih znanja i veština, kao i ispitivanje stavova i analiza potreba za unapređenjem digitalnih kompetencija. Korišćen je posebno dizajniran upitnik u papirnoj formi koji je distribuiran zaposlenima u Apotekarskoj ustanovi „Benu“. Ukupno 94,3% ispitanika svakodnevno koristi digitalne tehnologije na poslu, dok za pretragu stručne medicinske literature i literature o lekovima digitalne tehnologije koristi 89,8% ispitanika. 9,7% ispitanika je završilo dodatni formalni program ili kurs. Farmaceuti svoju digitalnu pismenost procenjuju statistički značajno višom ocenom u odnosu na farmaceutske tehničare, 3,67±0,79 prema 3,44±0,63 (p<0,05).Većina njih smatra da je važno da unapređuje svoju digitalnu pismenost (slaganje sa izjavom 4,62±0,95) i motivisano je da to čini kroz dodatne obuke ili samostalno učenje (slaganje sa izjavom 4,50±0,94). Činjenica je zdravstveni radnici uviđaju benefit novih načina komunikacije i izvora informacija, odnosno na spontani način prihvataju nove tehnologije iz oblasti eZdravlja. Sličan zaključak se pominje i u Nacionalnoj strategiji za razvoj digitalnih veština (1). Zdravstveni radnici u apotekama svoju digitalnu pismenost ocenjuju ocenom 3,56, što bi se moglo uporediti sa rezultatom sličnog istraživanja koje je rađeno u Kanadi (2), gde je kompjuterska pismenost u najvećem broju ocenjena sa 3. Obzirom na pozitivan stav o korišćenju digitalnih tehnologija u praksi i visoku motivisanost za unapređenjem digitalnih veština, očekuje se da će farmaceuti u apotekama u budućnosti brzo ovladati tehnološkim inovacijama iz oblasti apotekarske delatnosti.VIII Kongres farmaceuta Srbije sa međunarodnim učešćem, 12-15.10.2022. Beogra

The Mechanisms of Cavitation Erosion of Raw and Sintered Basalt

The paper analyzes the morphology of cavitation damage of raw and sintered basalt samples. The experiment was conducted using the ultrasonic vibratory cavitation test method according to the ASTM G-32 standard. During the determination of the resistance to the effect of cavitation, a change in the mass of samples was observed in the function of the cavitation time of operation. The morphology of damage caused by the effect of cavitation was followed by scanning with an electron microscope, and the level of degradation of the surface of the samples was quantified using the image analysis. The results showed a significantly higher degree of resistance of sintered basalt, with a cavitation rate of 0.019 mg/min relative to raw basalt, with a cavitation rate of 0.738 mg/min. After 120 minutes of exposure to the cavitation effect, a smaller number of small pits on the surface of sintered basalt were observed, while a higher level of damage to the surface with the appearance of numerous pits was found in raw basalt, which can be connected in some places to larger and deeper pits in some places. The obtained results indicate the possibility of using sintered basalt for the production of parts that will be exposed to the effects of high cavitation loads

Cavitation resistance of composite polyester resin/basalt powder

The paper presents the results of research on cavitation resistance of the composite based on unsaturated polyester resin and basalt powder, as reinforcement. Basalt powder was obtained by grinding and micronising basaltic rocks from the Vrelo-Kopaonik deposit. Different amounts of basalt powder as reinforcement were applied (g): 0.15; 0.30; 045; 0,50. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, bending strength, hardness) and cavitation resistance properties were determined for the resulting composite. An ultrasonic vibration method (with stationary specimen) was applied according to ASTM G32 standard. Studies have shown that the mechanical properties and cavitation resistance of the composites increase with the addition of basalt powder as reinforcement

Radiofrekvencijska ablacija tumora, zdravstvena njega onkološkog bolesnika Radiofrequency ablation of tumors, health care of oncological patients

Radiofrekvencijska ablacija tumora (engl. Radiofrequency ablation-(RFA)) minimalno je invazivna metoda uklanjanja tumora i tumorskih metastaza različitih sijela (pluća, jetra, bubrezi, kosti, i sl.). Provodi se perkutanim putem ili putem otvorenog (kirurškog) pristupa pod nadzorom kompjutorizirane tomografije [engl. computed tomography - CT]. Izmjenična struja putem radiovalova uzrokuje koagulaciju i odumiranje tumora i/ili tumorskih metastaza. Sigurnost, niski morbiditet i mortalitet, te prihvatljivost metode RFA od strane bolesnika, povećava indikaciju za uporabu te metode u liječenju tumora i tumorskih metastaza. Perioperacijska njega i edukacija bolesnika kod kojih je primjenjena metoda RFA predstavlja izazov u provođenju metoda zdravstvene njege onkoloških bolesnika. Pravovremeno uočavanje i sprečavanje poslijeoperacijskih neželjenih posljedica i komplikacija ima važnu ulogu kao i kontinuirana edukacija pacijenata tijekom cijelog tijeka liječenja. Opisanim pristupom omogućuje se bolesniku brži oporavak, kraće vrijeme trajanja bolničkog liječenja, lakše suočavanje s problematikom maligne bolesti uz smanjnje stupnja anksioznosti i straha. Zadovoljstvo bolesnika željeni je pozitivan cilj provođenja metoda zdravstvene njege, kao i cijelog tijeka liječenja

A critical analysis of an IoT—aware AAL system for elderly monitoring

Abstract A growing number of elderly people (65+ years old) are affected by particular conditions, such as Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and frailty, which are characterized by a gradual cognitive and physical decline. Early symptoms may spread across years and often they are noticed only at late stages, when the outcomes remain irrevocable and require costly intervention plans. Therefore, the clinical utility of early detecting these conditions is of substantial importance in order to avoid hospitalization and lessen the socio-economic costs of caring, while it may also significantly improve elderly people's quality of life. This work deals with a critical performance analysis of an Internet of Things aware Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) system for elderly monitoring. The analysis is focused on three main system components: (i) the City-wide data capturing layer, (ii) the Cloud-based centralized data management repository, and (iii) the risk analysis and prediction module. Each module can provide different operating modes, therefore the critical analysis aims at defining which are the best solutions according to context's needs. The proposed system architecture is used by the H2020 City4Age project to support geriatricians for the early detection of MCI and frailty conditions

Cavitation Wear of Basalt-Based Glass Ceramic

This paper examines the possibility of using basalt-based glass ceramics for construction of structural parts of equipment in metallurgy and mining. An ultrasonic vibration method with a stationary sample pursuant to the ASTM G32 standard was used to evaluate the possibility of the glass ceramic samples application in such operating conditions. As the starting material for synthesis of samples, olivine-pyroxene basalt from the locality Vrelo-Kopaonik Mountain (Serbia) was used. In order to obtain pre-determined structure and properties of basalt-based glass ceramics, raw material preparation methods through the sample crushing, grinding, and mechanical activation processes have been examined together with sample synthesis by means of melting, casting, and thermal treatment applied for the samples concerned. The mass loss of samples in function of the cavitation time was monitored. Sample surface degradation level was quantified using the image analysis. During the test, changes in sample morphology were monitored by means of the scanning electronic microscopy method. The results showed that basalt-based glass ceramics are highly resistant to cavitation wear and can be used in similar exploitation conditions as a substitute for other metal materials

Cattle Herd book and Record Keeping in Central Serbia

Serbia has a tradition of cattle production, and the area of Central Serbia, as a hilly region is suitable for farming of the combined Simmental and dairy Holstein-Friesian breed. The first Herd Book of Serbia was founded in 1935. The high quality breeding animals registered in the main register and the herd book are under the control of production performance. According to the expert report of the Institute for Animal Husbandry and the results of the implementation of the breeding program in 2017, on the territory of Central Serbia, there were 147,997 high quality breeding animals of the Simmental and 17,192 of Holstein-Friesian breed in the main/parent herd. Both breeds of national interest for rearing in the territory of Central Serbia are included in the breeding – selection programs for cattle for milk production, which are implemented through the cooperation of farmers and local breeding organizations in the field. In the territory of Central Serbia there are 157 registered local breeding organizations that are carrying out the activities of cattle recording/registering and selection. In this paper the data of the Main Breeding Organization in cattle breeding, the Institute for Animal Husbandry, and its annual report are used. A tabular analysis and a five-year trend of animals are presented according to: the number of registered animals, linearly evaluated first calving females, the realized yield of milk, milk fat and protein, as well as the trend of the number of bull dams in the population. Based on the analysis of the results of work on the selection of bovine animals, it can be concluded that some progress has been made in the production of milk of both breeds. It is important to emphasize that the mentioned results are reflected on the productivity of the entire population of cattle in Central Serbia

Pojava deformacije ekstremiteta krava simentalske rase u različitim tipovima ležišta

Problems with legs and various forms of lameness of cows, in intensive milk production, are the third significant problem occuring in this production, after mastitis and reproductive disorders, both globally and in our country. The paper analyzes the incidence of the deformation of legs of 145 cows of the Simmental breed in the Kolubara region, and the influence of paragenetic factors (housing/holding and type of stall/bedding and lactation) on the incidence of deformations. The obtained results show that, of the total number of cows assessed, 3.45% had 'X' position of the front legs, 14.8% had a 'X' position of the hind legs. The convergent position of the front legs was recorded in 35.86%, and divergent in 8.28% of animals. The convergent position of the hind legs was observed in 16.55% of cows, and divergent in 2.76%. The outward position of the front legs was observed in 4.14% of cows, inward position in 11.03%, and broad position in 4.14% of studied cows. Also, 17.24% of the cows had a so called sable like position of hind legs, and 7.59% showed steap angle of hind legs. The pronounced soft front leg pasterns were observed in 7.59% of the cows, and the soft pasterns of the hind legs in 33.79% of the total number of observed cows. The observed changes in the ankles in the shape of swelling were recorded in 1.38% of cattle on the carpal joint and 2.76% on the tarsal ankle. The damaged shoulder and body joint (scabbed shoulder) was observed in 43.45% of the total number of cows evaluated. Scores for the front and hind legs front, back and side views, varied at different levels of significance under the influence of the type of stall/bedding, while the scores for the condition of the hind leg pasterns varied highly significantly (p lt 0.001) under the influence of the type of stall/bedding. The scores for the front leg pasterns and scores for shoulder and body joint were not significant (p> 0.05) depending on the type of stall/bedding and the method of housing/holding of cows.Problemi sa nogama i različiti oblici šepavosti krava, u intenzivnoj proizvodnji mleka su treći problem po značaju posle mastitisa i reproduktivnih poremećaja, kako u svetu tako i u našoj zemlji. U radu su analizirane pojava deformacije stavova nogu 145 krava simentalske rase na području Kolubarskog okruga, i uticaj paragenetskih faktora (način držanja i tip ležišta i laktacija po redu) na pojavu deformacija. Od ukupnog broja ocenjenih krava 3,45 % je imalo 'X' stav prednjih nogu, 14,8% je imalo 'X' stav zadnjih nogu. Konvergentan stav prednjih nogu imalo je 35,86%, a divergentan 8,28%. Konvergentan stav zadnjih nogu imalo je 16,55% krava, a divergentan 2,76%. Isturen stav prednjih nogu imalo je 4,14% krava, podvučen 11,03%, a širok stav 4,14%. Sabljast stav zadnjih nogu imalo je 17,24% krava, a stubast 7,59%. Izražene mekane kičice prednjih nogu imalo je 7,59% krava, a mekane kičice zadnjih nogu imalo je 33,79% od ukupnog broja ocenjenih krava. Uočene promene na zglobovima u vidu otoka imalo je 1,38% krava na karpalnom zglobu i 2,76% na tarzalnom zglobu. Narušen spoj lopatice i tela (odvaljena plećka) imalo je 43,45% od ukupnog broja ocenjenih krava. Ocene za stavove prednjih i zadnjih nogu posmatrano spreda, otpozadi i sa strane varirale su na različitom nivou značajnosti pod uticajem tipa ležišta, dok ocene za stanje kičica na zadnjim nogama su vrlo visoko značajno (p lt 0,001) varirale pod uticajem tipa ležišta. Ocene za kičice prednjih nogu i ocene za spoj lopatice i trupa, nisu značajno (p>0,05) zavisile od tipa ležišta i načina držanja krava

Životna proizvodnja visokomlečnih krava

Lifetime milk production is a key success factor in fulfilling the production potential of high-yielding cows. Lifetime milk production traits are pronouncedly variable. The life expectancy and the length of productive life of dairy cows are repeatedly limiting factors for improving lifetime milk production. Lifetime milk production is greatly depended on age at first calving and the number of lactations during productive life. Previous researches have implied there are real chances for improving the lifetime milk production of high-yielding cows. The goal of this research was to investigate the significance of key systematic factors on the lifetime production of high-yielding Black-and-White cows. The animals included in the sample had different share of Holstein genes. The researchers determined systematic factors that caused some significant phenotypic variations of the investigated trait. The average lifetime milk production was 25,002.66±7,755.39 kg. When observed by cow genotypes, the mean values of the lifetime milk production varied from 27,061.37 kg ( (lt) 58% HF) and 24,761.26 kg (58-73% HF) to 23,185.36 kg (>73% HF). The differences in lifetime milk production determined among the animals were due to a highly significant (p≤0.01) impact of the bulls - the sires of the cows and the year of culling; the impact of the class of HF genes was significant (p≤0.05), whereas the impact of the reason for culling was non-significant (p>0.05).Osobine životne proizvodnje visokomlečnih krava imaju veliki ekonomski značaj. Crno-bela goveda imaju značajan genetski potencijal za proizvodnju mleka. Visokoproizvodne krave crno-bele rase izložene su tokom produktivnog veka velikom broju složenih uticaja koji intenzivno deluju na nivo relizacije njihovog genetskog potencijala. Uslovi sredine često nisu u saglasnosti sa potrebama ove visokomlečne rase goveda. Povećanjem učešća gena holštajn-frizijske rase, tokom procesa oplemenjivanja evropskog tipa crno-belih goveda, došlo je do povećanja prinosa mleka. Dosadašnja istraživanja ukazuju na mogućnost za značajnije povećanje životne produktivnosti crno-belih krava. Poznavanje broja i nivoa uticaja faktora sredine, na životnu proizvodnju visokomlečnih krava, važno je zbog njihovog uključivanja u model. U skladu sa značajem pojedinih sistematskih faktora u okviru istraživanja je obavljena njihova objektivna procena. Cilj rada je bio da se primenom odgovarajuće metodologije ispita značajnost razlika, u ostvarenoj životnoj proizvodnji mleka kod visokoproizvodnih crno-belih krava, preko najvažnijih sistematskih uticaja. Prosečna životna proizvodnja mleka iznosila je 25002.66±7755.39 kg litara. Posmatrano po genotipovima krava prosečne vrednosti životne proizvodnje mleka iznosile su 27061.37 kg ( (lt) 58% HF), 24761.26 kg (58-73% HF) i 23185.36 kg (> 73% HF). Utvrđene razlike između grla u pogledu ostvarenog nivoa životne proizvodnje mleka nastale su kao posledica visoko značajnog uticaja (P≤0.01) bikova-očeva krava i godine izlučenja krava, klasa HF gena krava imala je značajan uticaj (p≤0.05), dok razlog izlučenja nije imao značajan uticaj (P>0.05)

Varijabilnost osobina fundamenta kod prvotelki simentalske rase

Visual evaluation and recognition of dairy traits of cows are preliminary indicators of milk yield, longevity, and reproductive ability of the individual animal, which is very important from the aspect of the economics of milk production. The deficiencies in the fundament traits lead to poor production, poor health and premature culling of cows from the herd. The paper examines the frequency of preferred scores of a certain trait in the first calving heifers according to the housing method (animals reared by individual agricultural producers and farm animals) and their origin (domestic and imported animals), as well as the impact of these two factors on the observed properties. Four fundament traits were analysed: the position of the hind legs, the development of the hocks/joints, the pastern joints and the height of the feet on a total of 954 first-calving Simmental heifers. Observed by the housing method, the higher frequency of the preferred scores for all of the fundament traits, was achieved by the farm cows, while according to the origin of the cows, the higher frequency of the preferred scores for all of the fundament traits was realized by imported animals in relation to domestic cows. The influence of the factors of the housing method and origin of animals examined by χ2 test on all the tested linear scores (frequency of scores) of the fundament traits was statistically very significant (p≤0.001), while the analysis of the variance (F test) determined high significance (p≤0.001) of the interaction between the origin and housing method on the height of the feet, as well as significant effect (p≤0.05) on the position of the hind legs, while on other linear scores of the fundament traits it did not exhibit statistical significance (p>0.05).Vizuelna procena i prepoznavanje mlečnih karakteristika krava su preliminarni pokazatelji mlečnosti, dugovečnosti, kao i reproduktivnih sposobnosti grla, što je veoma važno sa aspekta ekonomičnosti proizvodnje mleka. Nedostaci u osobinama fundamenta dovode do slabije proizvodnje, lošeg zdravstvenog stanja i preranog isključenja krava iz zapata. U radu je ispitivana učestalost poželjnih ocena određene osobine kod prvotelki podeljenih po načinu držanja (grla kod individualnih proizvođača i grla sa farme) i podeljenih po poreklu (grla domaćeg odgoja i grla iz uvoza), kao i uticaj ova dva faktora na posmatrane osobine. Analizirane su četiri osobine fundamenta: položaj zadnjih nogu, razvijenost skočnog zgloba, kičični zglobovi i visina papaka na ukupno 954 prvotelke simentalske rase. Posmatrano prema načinu držanja, veću frekvenciju poželjnih ocena za sve osobine fundamenta iskazane u ocenama ostvarile su krave sa farme, dok su prema poreklu krava, veću frekvenciju poželjnih ocena za sve osobine fundamenta iskazane u ocenama ostvarile krave poreklom iz uvoza u odnosu na krave domaćeg porekla. Uticaj faktora načina držanja i porekla grla ispitivani χ2 testom na sve isptitivane linearne ocene (frekvenciju ocena) osobina fundamenta bio je statistički vrlo visoko značajan (p≤0,001), dok je analizom varijanse (F test) utvrđena visoka značajnost (p≤0,001) interakcije porekla i načina držanja na visinu papaka, kao i značajnost (p≤0,05) na poziciju zadnjih nogu, dok na ostale linearne ocene osobina fundamenta nije ispoljila statističku značajnost (p>0,05)